Advanced Materials Science and Technology (ISSN: 2717-526X) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published semi-annual online by Omniscient Pte. Ltd. The journal covers the properties, applications and synthesis of new materials related to energy, environment, physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, including ceramics, polymers, biological, medical and composite materials and so on. Original article, Review, Report and Communication are encouraged. Advanced Materials Science and Technology aims to disseminate the latest progress in advanced materials such as nanomaterials, carbon-based materials, organic optoelectronic materials, metallic materials and functional materials and to promote the understanding of the use of materials in energy, environment, physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine. This journal will be useful for professionals in the various branches of materials science and for students and academic staff concerned with the related specialties.

Trends in Oncology (ISSN: 2717-5278) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles, review articles, editorials, case report, letters to the editor, perspective and commentaries on all areas of oncology research, including the molecular biology, pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor. In addition, special issues focusing on particular oncology disciplines will be also organized and stipulated. Trends in Oncology aims to publish high-quality academic articles, promote academic exchanges and scientific research progress in the field of oncology.

《国际建筑学》(ISSN: 2661-4669) 是由新加坡万知科学出版社主办的一本开放获取，同行评议的建筑学领域综合性国际学术期刊。本刊出版国际建筑理论、建筑设计、建筑材料、施工技术、工程管理、建筑环境与设备、智能建筑、绿色建筑，城市建筑、建筑结构、建筑管理与经济等建筑学理论研究与应用实践相关领域的最新进展与动态；《国际建筑学》旨在为从事建筑行业的设计、研究、教学、施工、管理相关科研及技术人员提供一个信息交流探讨的平台。

《教育理论与应用》(ISSN: 2705-0653) 是由新加坡万知科学出版社主办的一本开放获取，同行评议的综合性中文学术期刊，关注全球教育热点和难点问题，主要发表国际教育理论与实践应用研究的最新成果和先进经验。本刊服务于全球教育理论研究人员、各级院校领导者与教师团体、教育行政管理人员、以及涉及教育理论进展和实践研究的相关工作人员，以推动解决教育热点问题，促进国际教育文化的交流与学习。

《临床医学前沿》(ISSN: 2661-4766 ) 是由新加坡万知科学出版社主办发行的一本临床医学领域跨学科的国际中文期刊。本刊主要刊登临床医学领域内最新理论研究进展与技术经验等学术文章。本刊坚持以作者服务为中心，出版高质量学术文章，促进国际临床医学学术交流和科学研究进展，服务广大医药卫生科技人员、医学院校的师生及临床医学相关行业专业人员。

《机械与电子控制工程》(ISSN: 2717-5197)是一本具有专业性和学术性的开放获取国际中文期刊。本刊从各类机械设计、机械研发理论研究、机械制造、机械传动、机电一体化、材料与工艺、仪器仪表、机械的智能自动化技术与管理、机械的使用与检测维修、机械零件、集成电路、电子控制技术发展、电子控制器研发、计算机相关应用等领域着手，开拓相关研究人员与从业人员的新思路，推动先进技术的新发展。

《水利电力技术与应用》(ISSN: 2717-5251)主要探讨水利电力及相关技术运用，旨在为从事水利电力行业的相关人员提供专业平台，以进行交流互通。本刊是一个开放获取、双月发行的综合性国际学术期刊。本刊出版水利电力先进科研成果，水利水电工艺、机械技术，水利电力资源开发和利用，水利电力工程设计及规划、勘测、施工、造价、计算机模拟、监理，水利电力经济，水电站及电站，水利电力相关环境保护、防洪抗旱，城市或乡镇农村灌溉，水利电力新能源等，专注于水利电力学理论研究与应用实践相关领域。

《园林建设与城市规划》(ISSN: 2717-5162 )刊载内容包括：现代园林工程设计，现代园林建筑施工，现代园林生态链研究，传统园林建筑营造技术，传统园林古建筑技术研究与保护，园林建筑地域性分析，城镇化建设与土地利用，城市绿化，城市产业结构规划研究等。本期刊以在线发行、开放获取形式的出版模式为刊发文章提供快速广泛的可见度，使各方学术意见都能够得以汇总，为全球范围的该行业从业人员与研究者提供一个综合性学术交流平台。

《工程管理与技术探讨》(ISSN: 2717-5189)着眼于工程管理与工程技术理论研究，开放获取在线出版，旨为面向各领域中的工程行业及工程相关科研单位，为广大从业者和研究人员提供最新科研信息，刊载先进研究成果。其发表内容覆盖：工程施工管理，工程经济与造价，以及矿业、建筑、机械、计算机、化工、电力、交通、海河、物流等相关工程技术研究、工艺开拓、设备发展、新产品与新技术应用等各相关领域。

《电子通信与计算机科学》(ISSN: 2717-5170)旨在为电子通信、计算机科学与网络技术方面的先进学术性文章，创造一个公平开阔的刊载平台。本刊开放获取，在线出版，专业服务于领域内研究人员与相关从业者。
刊发范围包括但不限于：信号与信息处理，通讯与信息系统研究，电磁场与微波技术发展，导体与半导体及其他电子元器件研究，理论计算机科学研究，信息编码论研究，程序设计语言理论研究，形式化方法研究，并行性和分布式计算研究，数据库储存与信息检索发展，广义的实验计算机科学研究与应用，人工智能，电脑翻译，计算机体系结构与工程，计算机图形学，计算机安全与密码学，科学计算，信息科学技术，硬件及软件开发，网络技术发展与应用，网络安全及新媒体应用等。

《现代教育探索》(ISSN: 2717-5561) 是一本面向集体教育工作者、教育学研究人员以及教学器械产品研发推广人员的综合型学术期刊。本刊在线出版，开放获取，具有时代前瞻性，内容覆盖广泛，囊括各科目基础教育、高等教育、职业教育、成人教育、特殊教育，为不同教育方法与教学形式提供信息互通平台，强调教育的现代化，旨为全面推动教育管理科学的发展和教学理论与实践的创新。

《城市建筑与发展》(ISSN: 2717-557X) 面向于工程设计人员、技术人员、城市建设领域中的市政工作者、房地产开发行业、系统集成商、产品供应商等，是一本开放获取、在线出版的国际中文学术性期刊。本刊旨在交流城市基础建设与城市建筑设计的经验与新理念，为市政/开发行业提供投资新思路新技术，从而全方面剖析与推动城市建筑与建设的发展。

《建筑设计与研究》(ISSN: 2717-5588) 以建筑设计与建筑研究为期刊核心，坚持专业严谨的办刊原则，强调理论性与实践性并重。该刊围绕现代建筑业的勘察设计，建筑领域的改革与发展，传统建筑的营造与各国古建筑研究等；旨在面向全球，注重实用，多视角触及建筑全领域，宣传交流各时代各区域的建筑设计与技术、建筑施工与材料、家装设计与基础设施等方面的新成就、新经验、新知识、新成果、新科学技术，更试图大力推介技术成果与新型理念，探究行业发展的新理论、新方法，为广大从业者服务。

《工程学研究与实用》(ISSN: 2717-5316)是一本开放获取、在线出版的国际中文期刊。本刊刊发范围包含全工程学科及工程学教育的研究与实用，广泛涉及地矿类、材料类、机械类、仪器仪表类、能源动力类、电气信息类、土木建筑类、水利类、测绘类、环境与安全类、化工与制药类、交通运输类、海河与船舶、航空航天类、武器类、工程力学、生物工程类、轻工纺织食品类、农业工程类、林业工程类及公安技术类的各项相关工程开发与应用。

《国际经济与管理》(ISSN: 2717-5642) 为在线出版的开放获取式学术期刊。本刊一贯看重国际上经济研究的深度和学术规范，关注经济现实，讲求理论与实践相结合，除强调理论创新、思想深度和思辨性的纯理论原创学术文章之外，还发表熟练运用经济数量分析技术和实证方法、理论联系实际、有新观点和新发现的进步文章，紧扣焦点和热点问题。本刊涉及全球的经济理论与经济改革发展，国际贸易，工商管理，产品解构与投资分析，市场研究与信息调查，会计学与审计学相关，新兴产业链发展以及各国财政税收问题研究。

《国际护理与健康》(ISSN: 2717-5650)一刊介绍了国际护理领域研究新技术，新动向，新成果，促进护理学科和医药职业教育事业的发展。本刊开放获取在线出版，有助于关注大众健康，与行业内外分享学术信息和研究成果，推广科学护理。所有专业理论研究与实践应用。

《国际全科医学》(ISSN: 2717-5669)宣传全科医学知识，传播全科医学技术及全科医学理念，重点发表全科医学先进科研成果与学术成就，促进全科医学信息传播和学术交流。本刊在线出版开放获取，主要针对广大医务人员​​，医学院校广大师生，以及武装全科医学基础，临床，科研，教学及管理工作者。

《内科诊疗与进展》(ISSN: 2717-5693)以临床内科各项专科以及内科学为主要内容，研究诊疗包括呼吸道疾病、循环类疾病、消化类疾病、泌尿系统疾病、血液类疾病、内分泌代谢类疾病、类风湿及免疫类疾病、神经系统类疾病等各类常见疾病或疑难杂症。本刊着重强调科学性、时效性和实用性，将临床医学与病理研究相结合，打造专业性极强的学术性开放获取期刊。

Yao asked Shun what is the most precious thing in the world. Shun said that life is the most precious. At 14:25 on July 18, 2019, the bridge erecting machine of No.2 Hanjiang Bridge in the SG-3 bid of the first-class highway reconstruction and expansion project of Mian County section of national highway 108 suddenly disintegrated and overturned during the operation, resulting in 5 deaths, 4 serious injuries and 3 minor injuries, and the direct economic loss was about 12.953 million RMB. Injuries, financial losses, deaths, one after another of the safety production accidents, once again exposed the outstanding problems and severe situation of traffic engineering construction safety production in recent years. Safety production, like the sword of Damocles, should not be discussed or neglected. What is beneficial to the people should be done even if it is small; and harmful things should be removed even if they are small. Safety production is the eternal theme of enterprises, and enterprises are the responsibility subject of safety production. History is our teacher. From ancient times to the present, no matter what kind of work we do, we have to persevere to finish the “last kilometer” before we can successfully complete the task and achieve the set goal; otherwise, we will be in vain and lose all our previous achievements.

 Wencheng Taishun (Zhejiang Fujian border) highway (hereinafter referred to as “Wen Tai expressway”) is an important part of “two vertical, two horizontal, 18 connected, three winding and three passageways” in Zhejiang Province, and it is also the last stop for Zhejiang to realize the “county to county highway” in land area. Wen Tai expressway is located in the mountainous area of southern Zhejiang Province. The total length of the route is 55.963km, and the bridge tunnel ratio is 72.24%. The terrain, landform and geological conditions are very complex. It has the characteristics of high technical difficulty, high requirements of ecological environment protection, large scale and large investment. During the peak period of construction, more than 10000 people and more than 200 sets of special equipment were involved in the construction. In the face of the severe situation of safety production and the huge pressure of safety management in the construction of Wentai expressway, “Wen Tai people” meet the difficulties and shoulder the mission. They apply the spirit of “bright sword” to actual management, break through the “last kilometer” of safety production and strictly abide by the red line of safety production.

Safety is the basic demand of people and the basic guarantee of economic and social development. Safety responsibility is more important than Mount Tai. Every unit and person in the construction of the project should always maintain safety awareness, shoulder their due responsibilities, and jointly build a good safety production environment. Some major safety accidents, often with the characteristics of sudden, unexpected and complex, seem to be unable to prevent and avoid, but in fact, they sprout from the hidden dangers of daily neglect and hidden in irresponsible details. It can be said that human negligence and paralysis of safety thinking are the biggest hidden dangers, and the hidden dangers often lead to accidents.

 Safety development is a major political issue. We, Wen Tai builders, have always firmly established the concept of “safety first, life first”, strengthened bottom line thinking and red line consciousness, and earnestly shouldered the sacred responsibility of promoting security development. In the face of severe safety production situation and complex and changeable safety production situation, we innovate the safety production management ideas, put forward the safety production management slogan of “strive to build the safety management benchmark of mountainous expressway”, constantly optimize the safety management mode, pay close attention to the safety production management, and comprehensively build the safety project.

This book combs and summarizes the experience and practice in safety management during the construction of Wen Tai expressway, and sets a good example for reference and promotion in similar projects. “Establishing the trend of long-term security, growing the cause of governance”. Let us always tighten the string of safety production, continuously improve the level of safety production management and stick to the red line of safety production.
    Due to the limited level of editors, coupled with the lack of time, omissions are inevitable. Readers are requested to make comments and corrections.

前 言

尧问舜：“天下孰最贵？”舜曰：“生最贵。”这是上古圣人之语，也是永恒不变的真理。 2019 年 7 月 18 日 14 时 25 分，国道 108 勉县段一级公路改扩建工程SG-3 标汉江 2 号大桥架桥机在作业过程中突然发生解体倾覆，造成 5 人死亡、 4 人重伤、 3 人轻伤，直接经济损失约 1295.3 万元。受伤、财损、死亡，接二连三发生的安全生产事故， 再次暴露出我国近些年交通工程建设安全生产中存在的突出问题、面临的严峻形势。安全生产如同达摩克斯利剑高悬，不容商量，更不容疏忽。利民之事，丝发必兴；厉民之事，毫末必去。安全生产是企业永恒的主题，企业是安全生产的责任主体。“前车之鉴，后事之师”，古往今来，无论做任何工作，只有坚忍不拔走完“最后一公里”，方可顺利完成任务，实现既定目标；否则，将会徒劳无绩，前功尽弃。

 浙江省文成至泰顺（浙闽界）公路（以下简称“文泰高速”）是浙江省“两纵两横十八连三绕三通道”的重要组成部分，也是浙江实现陆域“县县通高速”的最后一站。文泰高速位于浙南山区，路线全长 55.963km，桥隧比 72.24%，所处地形、地貌、地质条件非常复杂，具有技术难度大、生态环保要求高、规模大以及投资大等特点。施工高峰期参建人员和特种设备分别达到 10000 余人和 200 余台之多。面对文泰高速建设过程中安全生产的严峻形势和安全管理的巨大压力，文泰人迎难而上，使命担当，把“亮剑”攻坚克难的精神运用到实际管理中，打通安全生产“最后一公里”，严守安全生产红线。

万事安为先，安全是人的基本需求，是经济社会发展的基本保障。安全责任重于泰山，工程建设中的每一家单位和每一个人，都应始终葆有安全意识、担负起应有的责任，共同构筑好安全生产环境。一些重特大安全事故，往往带有突发性、意外性、复杂性的特点，看似防不胜防、难以避免，实则萌生于日常被忽视的隐患、潜藏于不负责任的细节。可以说，人为疏忽与安全思想麻痹是最大的隐患，而隐患往往最终酿成事故。

安全发展是一个重大的政治问题，我们文泰建设者始终牢固树立“安全第一、生命至上”的理念，强化底线思维、红线意识，切实肩负起推进安全发展的神圣职责。面对严峻的安全生产形势和复杂多变的安全生产现状，我们创新安全生产管理思路，提出“努力打造山区高速公路安全管理标杆”的安全生产管理口号，不断优化安全管理模式，狠抓安全生产管理，全面打造平安工程。

本书就文泰高速建设过程中在安全管理方面的经验和做法进行了梳理和总结，树立典范，以便接下去在类似的项目中借鉴和提升。“立久安之势，成长治之业”，让我们时刻紧绷安全生产这根弦。 不断提升安全生产管理水平， 坚守安全生产红线。
       由于编者水平有限， 加之时间仓促， 偏颇之处在所难免， 不当之处恳请批评指正。

Highway bridge engineering detection is an important part of highway bridge construction quality management. Through the test and detection, the quality of various raw materials, semi-finished products and finished components can be evaluated quantitatively, so as to make full use of local raw materials, and rapidly promote the application of new materials, new technologies and new processes, and reasonably control the construction quality and scientifically evaluate the quality of highway and bridge engineering. Therefore, the test and detection work will play a very important role in ensuring and improving the project quality, speeding up the construction progress, reducing the project cost and promoting the progress of highway engineering construction technology.
    The detection technology of highway and bridge engineering is a new developing subject, which integrates the theoretical knowledge of test, detection, practical operation skills and related basic knowledge, involves a wide range of knowledge, and contains more project contents. In order to enable the engineering, testing personnel or quality control management personnel to acquire relatively systematic and complete highway bridge construction detection knowledge, so as to do a good job in the key links of engineering material quality, construction control parameters, on-site construction process quality and engineering quality acceptance, this book is specially compiled.
    Due to the rapid development of new methods, new technologies and new specifications of highway engineering test and detection, as well as the limited level of the editor, there are inevitably some defects in the book. The majority of teachers and students and readers who use the book are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

公路桥梁工程检测工作是公路桥梁施工质量管理中的一个重要组成部分。通过试验、检测，能用定量的方法评价各种原材料、半成品和成品构件的质量，从而充分地利用当地原材料，亦能迅速推广应用新材料、新技术和新工艺，能合理地进行施工质量控制和科学地评定公路桥梁工程质量。因此，试验、检测工作对于保证和提高工程质量、加快施工进度、降低工程造价、推动公路工程施工技术进步，将起到极为重要的作用。
       公路桥梁工程、检测技术是正在发展的新学科，它融试验，检测理论知识和实际操作技能及相关基础知识于一体，涉及知识面较广包含的项目内容较多。为使工程、检测人员或质量控制管理人员获得比较系统完整的公路桥梁施工检测知识，以便在工程施工中做好工程材料质量、施工控制参数、现场施工过程质量和工程质量验收这几个关键环节的把关工作，特编写此书。
       由于公路工程试验检测新方法、 新技术及新规范发展迅速， 加之编者水平有限，书中难免存在不妥之处，敬请使用本书的广大师生和读者批评指正。

With the rapid development of China’s construction, in order to strengthen the construction management of mechanical and electrical engineering, ensure the engineering quality and construction safety, it is imperative to improve the quality of mechanical and electrical engineering professional and technical personnel, and standardize the construction management behavior. With the advent of the electronic age, the traditional manual industry is gradually replaced, and electromechanical equipment is widely used in highway engineering. Therefore, the number of mechanical and electrical equipment installation is increasing rapidly, which inevitably leads to some problems in the installation process. These problems seriously affect the quality and safety performance of mechanical and electrical equipment, so we should understand the installation process and precautions of mechanical and electrical equipment, and clarify the structure and installation sequence of mechanical and electrical equipment. The level of mechanical and electrical engineering construction technology determines the construction progress, quality, safety and economy of the project, directly affects the benefit of the construction enterprise, and determines the sustainable development ability and competitiveness of the enterprise. The construction technology level of the enterprise is composed of the basic quality and technical level of several project leaders, constructors and all construction personnel.
    This paper mainly describes the construction of mechanical and electrical installation of common quality problems and its prevention and control measures. In the mechanical and electrical installation construction work, including a variety of engineering projects, including drainage engineering, weak current engineering and electrical engineering, as well as fire engineering and air conditioning and ventilation engineering. The important part of mechanical and electrical installation engineering is electrical engineering and weak current engineering. Therefore, the material quality should be controlled, the installation technology level should be improved, and the construction management should be strengthened. Due to the lack of experience of the editor, there may be mistakes and omissions in the article. Readers are welcome give criticism and correction.

前 言

随着我国建设事业的迅速发展，为了加强机电工程施工管理，保证工程质量和施工安全，提高机电工程专业技术人员素质，规范施工管理行为，已经势在必行。电子时代的到来，传统的手工行业被渐渐取代，机电设备被广泛应用于高速公路工程中，因此机电设备安装数量急剧增加，使得在安装过程中会不可避免地出现一些问题。这些问题严重影响机电设备的质量和安全性能，所以应该对机电设备的安装流程及注意事项进行了解，明确机电设备的结构、安装顺序。机电工程施工技术的水平决定了项目的施工进度、质量、安全性和经济性，直接影响施工企业的效益，决定了企业的可持续发展的能力和竞争力，而企业的施工技术水平是由若干位项目负责人、建造师和全体施工人员的基本素质、技术水平构成的。
      本文主要讲述了建筑机电安装常见的质量问题和其防治措施。在机电安装施工工作中，包括各种工程项目，包括排水工程、弱电工程和电气工程，还包括消防工程和空调通风工程等。机电安装工程的重要组成部分是电气工程和弱电工程，因此具体施工环节应控制材料质量，提高安装技术水平，加强施工管理。由于编者经验不足，文章可能出现错漏，望广大读者给予批评指正。