Advanced Materials Science and Technology (ISSN: 2717-526X) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published semi-annual online by Omniscient Pte. Ltd. The journal covers the properties, applications and synthesis of new materials related to energy, environment, physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, including ceramics, polymers, biological, medical and composite materials and so on. Original article, Review, Report and Communication are encouraged. Advanced Materials Science and Technology aims to disseminate the latest progress in advanced materials such as nanomaterials, carbon-based materials, organic optoelectronic materials, metallic materials and functional materials and to promote the understanding of the use of materials in energy, environment, physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine. This journal will be useful for professionals in the various branches of materials science and for students and academic staff concerned with the related specialties.
Trends in Oncology (ISSN: 2717-5278) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles, review articles, editorials, case report, letters to the editor, perspective and commentaries on all areas of oncology research, including the molecular biology, pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor. In addition, special issues focusing on particular oncology disciplines will be also organized and stipulated. Trends in Oncology aims to publish high-quality academic articles, promote academic exchanges and scientific research progress in the field of oncology.
《电子通信与计算机科学》(ISSN: 2717-5170)旨在为电子通信、计算机科学与网络技术方面的先进学术性文章,创造一个公平开阔的刊载平台。本刊开放获取,在线出版,专业服务于领域内研究人员与相关从业者。
刊发范围包括但不限于:信号与信息处理,通讯与信息系统研究,电磁场与微波技术发展,导体与半导体及其他电子元器件研究,理论计算机科学研究,信息编码论研究,程序设计语言理论研究,形式化方法研究,并行性和分布式计算研究,数据库储存与信息检索发展,广义的实验计算机科学研究与应用,人工智能,电脑翻译,计算机体系结构与工程,计算机图形学,计算机安全与密码学,科学计算,信息科学技术,硬件及软件开发,网络技术发展与应用,网络安全及新媒体应用等。
Yao asked Shun what is the most precious thing in the world. Shun said that life is the most precious. At 14:25 on July 18, 2019, the bridge erecting machine of No.2 Hanjiang Bridge in the SG-3 bid of the first-class highway reconstruction and expansion project of Mian County section of national highway 108 suddenly disintegrated and overturned during the operation, resulting in 5 deaths, 4 serious injuries and 3 minor injuries, and the direct economic loss was about 12.953 million RMB. Injuries, financial losses, deaths, one after another of the safety production accidents, once again exposed the outstanding problems and severe situation of traffic engineering construction safety production in recent years. Safety production, like the sword of Damocles, should not be discussed or neglected. What is beneficial to the people should be done even if it is small; and harmful things should be removed even if they are small. Safety production is the eternal theme of enterprises, and enterprises are the responsibility subject of safety production. History is our teacher. From ancient times to the present, no matter what kind of work we do, we have to persevere to finish the “last kilometer” before we can successfully complete the task and achieve the set goal; otherwise, we will be in vain and lose all our previous achievements.
Wencheng Taishun (Zhejiang Fujian border) highway (hereinafter referred to as “Wen Tai expressway”) is an important part of “two vertical, two horizontal, 18 connected, three winding and three passageways” in Zhejiang Province, and it is also the last stop for Zhejiang to realize the “county to county highway” in land area. Wen Tai expressway is located in the mountainous area of southern Zhejiang Province. The total length of the route is 55.963km, and the bridge tunnel ratio is 72.24%. The terrain, landform and geological conditions are very complex. It has the characteristics of high technical difficulty, high requirements of ecological environment protection, large scale and large investment. During the peak period of construction, more than 10000 people and more than 200 sets of special equipment were involved in the construction. In the face of the severe situation of safety production and the huge pressure of safety management in the construction of Wentai expressway, “Wen Tai people” meet the difficulties and shoulder the mission. They apply the spirit of “bright sword” to actual management, break through the “last kilometer” of safety production and strictly abide by the red line of safety production.
Safety is the basic demand of people and the basic guarantee of economic and social development. Safety responsibility is more important than Mount Tai. Every unit and person in the construction of the project should always maintain safety awareness, shoulder their due responsibilities, and jointly build a good safety production environment. Some major safety accidents, often with the characteristics of sudden, unexpected and complex, seem to be unable to prevent and avoid, but in fact, they sprout from the hidden dangers of daily neglect and hidden in irresponsible details. It can be said that human negligence and paralysis of safety thinking are the biggest hidden dangers, and the hidden dangers often lead to accidents.
Safety development is a major political issue. We, Wen Tai builders, have always firmly established the concept of “safety first, life first”, strengthened bottom line thinking and red line consciousness, and earnestly shouldered the sacred responsibility of promoting security development. In the face of severe safety production situation and complex and changeable safety production situation, we innovate the safety production management ideas, put forward the safety production management slogan of “strive to build the safety management benchmark of mountainous expressway”, constantly optimize the safety management mode, pay close attention to the safety production management, and comprehensively build the safety project.
This book combs and summarizes the experience and practice in safety management during the construction of Wen Tai expressway, and sets a good example for reference and promotion in similar projects. “Establishing the trend of long-term security, growing the cause of governance”. Let us always tighten the string of safety production, continuously improve the level of safety production management and stick to the red line of safety production.
Due to the limited level of editors, coupled with the lack of time, omissions are inevitable. Readers are requested to make comments and corrections.
前 言
尧问舜:“天下孰最贵?”舜曰:“生最贵。”这是上古圣人之语,也是永恒不变的真理。 2019 年 7 月 18 日 14 时 25 分,国道 108 勉县段一级公路改扩建工程SG-3 标汉江 2 号大桥架桥机在作业过程中突然发生解体倾覆,造成 5 人死亡、 4 人重伤、 3 人轻伤,直接经济损失约 1295.3 万元。受伤、财损、死亡,接二连三发生的安全生产事故, 再次暴露出我国近些年交通工程建设安全生产中存在的突出问题、面临的严峻形势。安全生产如同达摩克斯利剑高悬,不容商量,更不容疏忽。利民之事,丝发必兴;厉民之事,毫末必去。安全生产是企业永恒的主题,企业是安全生产的责任主体。“前车之鉴,后事之师”,古往今来,无论做任何工作,只有坚忍不拔走完“最后一公里”,方可顺利完成任务,实现既定目标;否则,将会徒劳无绩,前功尽弃。
浙江省文成至泰顺(浙闽界)公路(以下简称“文泰高速”)是浙江省“两纵两横十八连三绕三通道”的重要组成部分,也是浙江实现陆域“县县通高速”的最后一站。文泰高速位于浙南山区,路线全长 55.963km,桥隧比 72.24%,所处地形、地貌、地质条件非常复杂,具有技术难度大、生态环保要求高、规模大以及投资大等特点。施工高峰期参建人员和特种设备分别达到 10000 余人和 200 余台之多。面对文泰高速建设过程中安全生产的严峻形势和安全管理的巨大压力,文泰人迎难而上,使命担当,把“亮剑”攻坚克难的精神运用到实际管理中,打通安全生产“最后一公里”,严守安全生产红线。
万事安为先,安全是人的基本需求,是经济社会发展的基本保障。安全责任重于泰山,工程建设中的每一家单位和每一个人,都应始终葆有安全意识、担负起应有的责任,共同构筑好安全生产环境。一些重特大安全事故,往往带有突发性、意外性、复杂性的特点,看似防不胜防、难以避免,实则萌生于日常被忽视的隐患、潜藏于不负责任的细节。可以说,人为疏忽与安全思想麻痹是最大的隐患,而隐患往往最终酿成事故。
安全发展是一个重大的政治问题,我们文泰建设者始终牢固树立“安全第一、生命至上”的理念,强化底线思维、红线意识,切实肩负起推进安全发展的神圣职责。面对严峻的安全生产形势和复杂多变的安全生产现状,我们创新安全生产管理思路,提出“努力打造山区高速公路安全管理标杆”的安全生产管理口号,不断优化安全管理模式,狠抓安全生产管理,全面打造平安工程。
本书就文泰高速建设过程中在安全管理方面的经验和做法进行了梳理和总结,树立典范,以便接下去在类似的项目中借鉴和提升。“立久安之势,成长治之业”,让我们时刻紧绷安全生产这根弦。 不断提升安全生产管理水平, 坚守安全生产红线。
由于编者水平有限, 加之时间仓促, 偏颇之处在所难免, 不当之处恳请批评指正。
Highway bridge engineering detection is an important part of highway bridge construction quality management. Through the test and detection, the quality of various raw materials, semi-finished products and finished components can be evaluated quantitatively, so as to make full use of local raw materials, and rapidly promote the application of new materials, new technologies and new processes, and reasonably control the construction quality and scientifically evaluate the quality of highway and bridge engineering. Therefore, the test and detection work will play a very important role in ensuring and improving the project quality, speeding up the construction progress, reducing the project cost and promoting the progress of highway engineering construction technology.
The detection technology of highway and bridge engineering is a new developing subject, which integrates the theoretical knowledge of test, detection, practical operation skills and related basic knowledge, involves a wide range of knowledge, and contains more project contents. In order to enable the engineering, testing personnel or quality control management personnel to acquire relatively systematic and complete highway bridge construction detection knowledge, so as to do a good job in the key links of engineering material quality, construction control parameters, on-site construction process quality and engineering quality acceptance, this book is specially compiled.
Due to the rapid development of new methods, new technologies and new specifications of highway engineering test and detection, as well as the limited level of the editor, there are inevitably some defects in the book. The majority of teachers and students and readers who use the book are welcome to criticize and correct them.
前 言
公路桥梁工程检测工作是公路桥梁施工质量管理中的一个重要组成部分。通过试验、检测,能用定量的方法评价各种原材料、半成品和成品构件的质量,从而充分地利用当地原材料,亦能迅速推广应用新材料、新技术和新工艺,能合理地进行施工质量控制和科学地评定公路桥梁工程质量。因此,试验、检测工作对于保证和提高工程质量、加快施工进度、降低工程造价、推动公路工程施工技术进步,将起到极为重要的作用。
公路桥梁工程、检测技术是正在发展的新学科,它融试验,检测理论知识和实际操作技能及相关基础知识于一体,涉及知识面较广包含的项目内容较多。为使工程、检测人员或质量控制管理人员获得比较系统完整的公路桥梁施工检测知识,以便在工程施工中做好工程材料质量、施工控制参数、现场施工过程质量和工程质量验收这几个关键环节的把关工作,特编写此书。
由于公路工程试验检测新方法、 新技术及新规范发展迅速, 加之编者水平有限,书中难免存在不妥之处,敬请使用本书的广大师生和读者批评指正。
With the rapid development of China’s construction, in order to strengthen the construction management of mechanical and electrical engineering, ensure the engineering quality and construction safety, it is imperative to improve the quality of mechanical and electrical engineering professional and technical personnel, and standardize the construction management behavior. With the advent of the electronic age, the traditional manual industry is gradually replaced, and electromechanical equipment is widely used in highway engineering. Therefore, the number of mechanical and electrical equipment installation is increasing rapidly, which inevitably leads to some problems in the installation process. These problems seriously affect the quality and safety performance of mechanical and electrical equipment, so we should understand the installation process and precautions of mechanical and electrical equipment, and clarify the structure and installation sequence of mechanical and electrical equipment. The level of mechanical and electrical engineering construction technology determines the construction progress, quality, safety and economy of the project, directly affects the benefit of the construction enterprise, and determines the sustainable development ability and competitiveness of the enterprise. The construction technology level of the enterprise is composed of the basic quality and technical level of several project leaders, constructors and all construction personnel.
This paper mainly describes the construction of mechanical and electrical installation of common quality problems and its prevention and control measures. In the mechanical and electrical installation construction work, including a variety of engineering projects, including drainage engineering, weak current engineering and electrical engineering, as well as fire engineering and air conditioning and ventilation engineering. The important part of mechanical and electrical installation engineering is electrical engineering and weak current engineering. Therefore, the material quality should be controlled, the installation technology level should be improved, and the construction management should be strengthened. Due to the lack of experience of the editor, there may be mistakes and omissions in the article. Readers are welcome give criticism and correction.
前 言
随着我国建设事业的迅速发展,为了加强机电工程施工管理,保证工程质量和施工安全,提高机电工程专业技术人员素质,规范施工管理行为,已经势在必行。电子时代的到来,传统的手工行业被渐渐取代,机电设备被广泛应用于高速公路工程中,因此机电设备安装数量急剧增加,使得在安装过程中会不可避免地出现一些问题。这些问题严重影响机电设备的质量和安全性能,所以应该对机电设备的安装流程及注意事项进行了解,明确机电设备的结构、安装顺序。机电工程施工技术的水平决定了项目的施工进度、质量、安全性和经济性,直接影响施工企业的效益,决定了企业的可持续发展的能力和竞争力,而企业的施工技术水平是由若干位项目负责人、建造师和全体施工人员的基本素质、技术水平构成的。
本文主要讲述了建筑机电安装常见的质量问题和其防治措施。在机电安装施工工作中,包括各种工程项目,包括排水工程、弱电工程和电气工程,还包括消防工程和空调通风工程等。机电安装工程的重要组成部分是电气工程和弱电工程,因此具体施工环节应控制材料质量,提高安装技术水平,加强施工管理。由于编者经验不足,文章可能出现错漏,望广大读者给予批评指正。